Friday, 23 March 2012

Hydroelectricity Revisited - Muskrat Falls



Hello readers,

     In the wake of the Muskrat Falls hydroelectricity development passing its federal and provincial environmental assessments,  we have decided that this week, instead of writing on the topic the conservation effects of a different renewable energy resource, we will be discussing the issues surrounding this development and what they mean in terms of conservation in Newfoundland and Labrador.
     The Muskrat Falls hydroelectricity project, proposed for development on the Lower Churchill river located west of Happy-Valley Goose Bay, Labrador, is a project who's potential for energy production has been known for quite some time - since about 1894. However, until now, no project was never put into effect. In total, the proposed project includes the Muskrat Falls generating facility (dam and two transmission lines), a Labrador Island transmission link (two converter stations, two series of overhead transmission lines, and 30 km submarine cables), and finally a Maritime Transmission Link from the Island of Newfoundland to Nova Scotia (two converter stations, two overhead transmission lines, and 180 km submarine cable). The full transmission map (figure 1) shows the complete map of where the proposed lines and stations will be located. When taking into account all that must go into such a sizable project like this, one can easily see how great the potential environmental and conservation impacts could be, especially in the direct area of the dam (generating facility) and in the installation of cut lines for overhead cables. In addition to these direct impacts, one must also take into account the possibility of habitat fragmentation caused by the number of new roads which must be installed in order to enable transport in and out of the construction area, as well as the 1000 person accommodations which will be built to house construction site employees. 



Transmission Map
Figure 1: Full map of complete Muskrat Falls hydroelectricity project from power generation to Nova Scotian transmission grid.


     During the initial analysis of the environmental impact of this project, a Joint Review Panel (JRP) was mandated in 2009 in order to assess and make recommendations to both federal and provincial governing bodies pertaining to all aspects surrounding the development (e.g. expected monetary returns, alternative energy source analysis, effects on climate and atmosphere, GHG emission, environmental impacts, etc.). Through this analysis, it was determined that the project would have several significant adverse environmental effects which needed to be dealt with. Some of their highest concerns included the effects on fish habitat and assemblage in the reservoirs, effects on terrestrial, wetland, and riparian habitat, effects on the Red Wine Mountain caribou herd, and possible build up of methylmercury in food stocks used by natives in the area.
     In their addressing of these known risks, the government of Newfoundland and Labrador has acknowledged that these risks are present and they will attempt to mitigate these risks as best as possible within the time frame of the project's development. Hoever, both federal and provincial governments have stated that ‘the benefits far outweigh the risks’. In addition, with regards to some environmental recommendations made by the JRP, the NL government did not accept all aspects of their advisory. For example, in the recommendation regarding recovery strategies for endangered species, the government stated that while they do accept the intent, the reject the timeline proposed, stating that far too much time is needed in order to properly assess the potential damage and required recovery strategy amendments needed for all possible species at risk within the project area. While this is a truly realistic option if considering the implications from an industry perspective, this decision from a conservational point of view could be disastrous. While assessments have been performed to assess any whether any potentially rare plant species are located within the project zone, these species still require a full assessment, involving the formation of a recovery team as per provincial legislation. Since this will probably not happen prior to project approval. In order to properly assess and fully mitigate the potential environmental risks associated with this project, both federal and provincial governments need to allow for proper analysis and consideration. Don’t be in such a rush.








Some useful links for further info:


News Article Surrounding Pass of Environmental Assessment



Mercury in Hydroelectric Reservoirs


Predicting the Entrainment Vulnerability of Fish in Hydropower Reservoirs

Government of Canada Response to the Report of the Joint Federal-Provincial Review Panel

Rare Plant Survey in the Lower Churchill River Valley


Government of Newfoundland and Labrador’s Response  to the  Report of the Joint Review Panel  











2 comments:

  1. Interesting read. You mentioned the build up of methyl-mercury in food stocks as a possible effect. Just curious as to where methyl-mercury comes from and how it's incorporated into food stocks for natives.

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  2. What do you think is the best route for the transmission line (assuming it goes ahead.. The EA for that is not yet complete.. Strategically, the EA process was broken up into separate parts for the generating station, the sub sea lines and the cross island transmission line). An earlier p,an suggested the line go through Gros Morne, but that option is no longe on the table... Should it be considered?

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